Scope Management: PMP® Study Guide for PMBok 6th Edition Knowledge Areas

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Plan Scope Management

Scope management	Scope management is the process of defining what work is required and then making sure all of that work and only that work is done
Product scope	Product scope is another way to say “requirements that relate to the product of the project.”
Project scope	The work required to achieve the deliverables. The work can include planning, coordination, and management activities.
Scope management plan	The scope management plan could be thought of as containing three parts where scope will be: Planned Executed Controlled

Collect Requirements

Collect Requirements	The Collect Requirements process involves gathering more specific input on those requirements from all stakeholders. This process is critical of project success, as missed requirements could mean significant changes and conflict throughout the remainder of the project and even project failure.
Interviews	The team or project manager interviews project stakeholders to identify their requirements for a specific element of the product or project work, or for the overall project. These interviews can take place between individuals or in group settings. Interviews can also be conducted via email, phone, calls, letter, or other methods.
Focus groups	This technique helps to get a specific set of stakeholders’ or subject matter experts’ opinions and requirements for the product or an aspect of the project
Facilitated workshops	Facilitated workshops bring together stakeholders with different perspectives to talk about the product and ultimately, arrive at consensus regarding the requirements
Group creativity techniques	Many different types: brainstorming, nominal group techniques, Delphi, idea/mind mapping and affinity diagram
Group decision making techniques	Unanimity; majority; plurality and dictatorship
Questionnaires or Surveys	Fast method to accumulate information from many respondents
Observations	Also called “job shadowing” – assists in understanding the process to uncover hidden requirements
Requirements documentation	This documentation is an output of the Collect Requirements process and helps make sure the requirements are clear and unambiguous. The documentation can contain various types of information.
Requirements management plan	In addition to describing the methods to use to identify requirements, the plan should answer the following questions: Once I have all the requirements, what will I do to analyze, prioritize, manage, and track changes to them? What should I include in the requirements traceability matrix?
Requirements Traceability Matrix	The requirements traceability matrix helps track requirements over the life of the project to ensure they are accomplished. The matrix usually takes the form of a table with information like numbers, source of each requirements, and status.

Define Scope

Project charter	Formally authorizes the project within the organization. Developed during integration – develop project charter
Requirements documentation	Output from Scope – Collect requirements. How the requirements will meet the business needs. Includes: quality requirements, acceptance criteria, impacts, training requirements, etc.
Organizational process assets	Policies, procedures, and guidelines that will impact how scope will be managed
Expert judgement	Select experts to assist in developing portions of the detailed scope statement
Product analysis	Better understanding of product techniques: product breakdown, systems analysis, systems engineering, value engineering, value analysis and functional analysis
Project scope statement	Confirms common understanding of project scope among stakeholders. Includes: scope description, product acceptance criteria, deliverables exclusions, constraints and assumptions
Constraints and Assumptions	Constraints and factors that limit the teams’ options. Assumptions are things that are assumed to be true but that may not be true.

Create WBS

WBS Definition	Improves accuracy of cost, time, and resource estimates. Defines a baseline for performance measurement and control. Facilitates clear responsibility assignments.
Decomposition	Sub-divides major deliverables into smaller, more manageable components until all can be defined with adequate costs and duration estimates. 5 steps: Identify deliverables Structure and organize Decompose upper level to lower level as required Develop codes to the WBS component Verify the correctness of the decomposition
WBS	Deliverable oriented grouping of project elements which defines the entire scope. Benefits: Builds team Provides framework to identify projects separately from organizations, funding sources and accounting systems, etc. Clarifies responsibilities Focuses attention on project objectives Forces detailed planning and documentation by team Contributes to customer communication
WBS Dictionary	The WBS dictionary provides a description of the work to be done for each WBS work package and helps make sure the resulting work better matches what is needed
Scope Baseline	For scope, the baseline is the agreed upon project scope statement, the WBS, and the WBS dictionary

Validate and Control Scope

Validate Scope	The validate scope process actually involves frequent planned in meetings with the customer or sponsor to gain formal acceptance of deliverables during monitoring and control.
Control Scope	The control scope process involves measuring project and product scope performance and managing scope baseline changes

Things to Remember

1	You must plan, in advance, how you will determine the scope, as well as how you will manage and control scope. This is part of your scope management plan Scope must be defined, clear, and formally approved before work starts Requirements are gathered from all the stakeholders, not just the persons who assigned you the project Requirements gathering can take a substantial amount of time, especially on large projects that may require you to obtain requirements from hundreds of people WBS is used on all projects. A side benefit of this tool is that you may find additional scope and be able to clarify identified scope when you create the WBS While the project is being completed, you must check to make sure you are doing all the work but only the work included in the project management plan. Gold plating a project is not allowed Any change to scope must be evaluated for its effect on time, cost, risk, quality, resources, and customer satisfaction No changes to scope are allowed without an approved change request Scope changes should not be approved if they relate to work that does not fit within the project charter As a project manager you need to continuously determine what is and is not included in the project
2	Assume that you are the project manager for the BUYER for all questions on the exam that involve procurement
3	Project manager must be assertive in how they manage the project. You must be able to say no and not allow activities that will take away for the focus and objectives of the project. Unnecessary scope adds time.
4	When you take the exam, assume that the project manager has expended the effort necessary to determine all the requirements and that those requirements are ranked by order importance.
5	There can be many references to be WBS on the exam. In short, remember the following. A WBS: Is a graphical picture of the hierarchy of the project Identifies all the deliverables to be completed – if it is not in the WBS, it is not part of the project Is the foundation upon which the project is built Is VERY important Should exist for every project Forces you to think through all aspects of the project Can be reused for other projects Does NOT show dependencies
6	The Control Scope process involves measuring project and product scope performance and managing scope baseline changes. As you take the exam, assume that you are controlling scope in this way. You must assume proper project management is being done on the project unless the exam says otherwise.

Before you go…

Lastly, don’t forget to check out the other study notes on other PMP® areas in this series and download our free 200 practice questions by clicking the links below:

Integration Management – PMP® Study Guide

Scope Management – PMP® Study Guide

Time Management – PMP® Study Guide

Cost Management – PMP® Study Guide

Quality Management – PMP® Study Guide

HR Management – PMP® Study Guide

Communications Management – PMP® Study Guide

Risk Management – PMP® Study Guide

Procurement Management – PMP® Study Guide

Stakeholder Management – PMP® Study Guide

Also make sure to check all of our PMP® notes PDF.

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